Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on the Great Lakes Shoreline Wetlands   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

Linda D. Mortsch 《Climatic change》1998,40(2):391-416

Great Lakes shoreline wetlands are adapted to a variable water supply. They require the disturbance of water level fluctuations to maintain their productivity. However, the magnitude and rate of climate change could alter the hydrology of the Great Lakes and affect wetland ecosystems. Wetlands would have to adjust to a new pattern of water level fluctuations; the timing, duration, and range of these fluctuations are critical to the wetland ecosystem response. Two "what if" scenarios: (1) an increased frequency and duration of low water levels and (2) a changed temporal distribution and amplitude of seasonal water levels were developed to assess the sensitivity of shoreline wetlands to climate change. Wetland functions and values such as wildlife, waterfowl and fish habitat, water quality, areal extent, and vegetation diversity are affected by these scenarios. Key wetlands are at risk, particularly those that are impeded from adapting to the new water level conditions by man-made structures or geomorphic conditions. Wetland remediation, protection and enhancement policies and programs must consider climate change as an additional stressor of wetlands.  相似文献   

The depositional architecture and facies variability of shelf deltas in the Eocene Battfjellet Formation,Nathorst Land,Spitsbergen     

Sten‐Andreas Grundvåg  William Helland‐Hansen  Erik P. Johannessen  Andreas H. Olsen  Stig A. K. Stene 《Sedimentology》2014,61(7):2172-2204

Deltas are commonly classified according to their plan‐view morphology as either river‐dominated, tide‐dominated or wave‐dominated. However, most deltas form under the mixed influence of these processes, commonly with laterally varying process regimes. It has also become clear that there is a mismatch between the plan‐view morphology and internal facies composition in some deltas. Combined outcrop and subsurface data from the Eocene Battfjellet Formation, Spitsbergen, provide an example of ancient shelf deltas that formed under mixed influence. Internally, these shelf deltas are characterized by wave‐dominated facies that are normally associated with strike‐extensive, nearly linear shoreline sandstones. However, the formation comprises partially overlapping sandstone bodies of limited lateral extent (<20 km in any direction). This stacking pattern is attributed to frequent autogenic lobe switching that caused localized and rapid transgressions. Such processes typify fluvial‐dominated deltas and occur less commonly in wave‐dominated ones. Thus, there is an apparent mismatch between inferred plan‐view morphology and internal facies composition. It is argued that the Battfjellet deltas were flood‐dominated and prograded mainly during periods of high fluvial discharge. However, reworking of the fluvial‐flood facies by fair‐weather and storm waves, as well as longshore currents, resulted in a wave‐dominated facies character. Delta lobes undergoing auto‐retreat were particularly prone to reworking by basinal processes, including tidal currents. It is suggested that repeated delta progradation from inner shelf settings towards the outer shelf and shelf edge was aided by high sediment supply rather than relative falls in sea‐level as previously suggested. This interpretation is supported by: (i) the lack of major facies dislocations and extensive sub‐aerial unconformities; and (ii) an overall relative rise in sea‐level as evidenced by an overall low‐angle (0·8 to 1·2°) ascending shoreline trajectory. The latter results from the combined effect of basin subsidence, eustatic highstand and sediment compaction.  相似文献   

Rapid tidal marsh development in anthropogenic backwaters     

Brian Yellen  Jonathan Woodruff  Caroline Ladlow  David K. Ralston  Sarah Fernald  Waverly Lau 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(3):554-572

Tidal marsh restoration and creation is growing in popularity due to the many and diverse sets of services these important ecosystems provide. However, it is unclear what conditions within constructed settings will lead to the successful establishment of tidal marsh. Here we provide documentation for widespread and rapid development of tidal freshwater wetlands for a major urban estuary as an unintended result of early industrial development. Anthropogenic backwater areas established behind railroad berms, jetties, and dredge spoil islands resulted in the rapid accumulation of clastic material and the subsequent initiation of emergent marshes. In one case, historical aerial photos document this transition occurring in less than 18 years, offering a timeframe for marsh development. Accretion rates for anthropogenic tidal marshes and mudflats average 0.8–1.1 and 0.6–0.7 cm year⁻¹, respectively, equivalent to two to three times the rate of relative sea level rise as well as the observed accretion rate at a 6000+ year-old reference marsh in the study area. Paired historical and geospatial analysis revealed that more than half of all the tidal wetlands on the Hudson River were likely triggered by anthropogenic development since the onset of the industrial era, including two-thirds of the emergent cattail marsh. These inadvertently constructed tidal wetlands currently trap roughly 6% of the Hudson River's sediment load. Results indicate that when sediment is readily available, freshwater tidal wetlands can develop relatively rapidly in sheltered settings. The study sites serve as useful examples to help guide future tidal marsh creation and restoration efforts.  相似文献   

古湖岸堤沉积物石英光释光测年研究:以中国东北兴凯湖为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高磊  隆浩  沈吉  汪勇  王建 《湖泊科学》2014,26(5):651-660

古湖岸堤是湖面波动的地貌证据,可以用来重建古湖泊演化.古湖岸堤沉积物的准确测年是应用此地貌学证据重建湖泊演化的关键.以我国兴凯湖最低一级湖岸堤——大湖岗为研究对象,采用石英小片技术,应用单片再生剂量法(SAR)对大湖岗2个不同位置的剖面风成砂质沉积物(共13个样品)进行了光释光(OSL)测年.样品石英组分的光释光衰减曲线特征表明,样品的释光信号以快组分为主,预热坪和实验室剂量恢复实验结果表明,SAR法可以用来测量兴凯湖古湖岸堤样品的等效剂量.通过分析样品等效剂量分布情况和比较3种年龄模型(平均值模型、中值模型和最小值模型),认为大湖岗湖滨砂质沉积物在沉积埋藏前石英光释光信号晒退完全,获得的OSL年龄是可信的.年代结果表明,大湖岗采自不同位置的2个剖面的年代范围一致,且各个剖面中所有年代均随地层顺序变化;另外,2个样品的OSL年龄与同层位的炭屑样品的14C年代结果在误差范围内一致,进一步表明OSL测年技术可以获得可靠的兴凯湖岸堤沉积物的年龄.尽管与前人使用热释光(TL)测年方法研究大湖岗形成年代有较大差别,本文认为兴凯湖最低一级古湖岸堤——大湖岗形成于距今约1.24-0.50 ka.  相似文献   

泉州湾海岸线变化特征的定量分析研究     

赖志坤 《海洋科学》2012,36(8):75-78

应用海岸线变化定量分析原理,综合分析了近50年来泉州湾海岸线变化的基本特征,计算了古浮澳岸段的海岸线变化速率.研究分析结果表明,泉州湾海岸线长度以0.94km/a的速率减小,海域面积(含岛屿)以1.01 km2/a的速率减小;古浮澳岸段呈现南北淤进,中间侵淤交互的岸线变化趋势.通过了解泉州湾海岸线变化特征和变化趋势,获取海岸线变化速率数据,为泉州湾海域的可持续开发与管理提供参考依据.  相似文献   

海岸线变化速率的灰关联分析方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

赖志坤 《海洋测绘》2012,(1):42-44

海岸线的变化是一个复杂的灰色过程,了解海岸线的变化特征、变化过程和变化趋势,对促进海岸带的管理起着重要作用。针对海岸线历史数据的有限性和变化过程的灰色性,介绍了海岸线变化速率计算方法及其意义,以及灰关联分析方法的基本原理,提出了海岸线变化速率灰关联分析模式的基本步骤,分析了泉州古浮澳的海岸线变化情况。  相似文献   

基于遥感的广西防城湾海岸线变迁分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周相君  李晓敏  马毅  吴培强 《海洋学研究》2014,32(1):47-55

随着人口增长、城市化和工业化的迅速发展、政策刺激以及对外贸易的日渐加强,防城湾沿岸海岸线变迁加剧。本文利用1973,1979,1990,2000年的Landsat卫星遥感影像和2010年的HJ-1B(环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座B星)卫星遥感影像,分析了近40 a来防城湾海岸线的变化特征。结果表明:1973—2010年间,防城湾沿岸不断向海推进,陆域面积共增加了4 216.61 hm²;海岸线总长度则减少了36.96 km,其中淤泥质岸线减少最为剧烈,其次为基岩岸线;海岸线变化主要受人为因素影响。根据防城湾的区域特征,将整个研究区划分为防城江口、暗埠口江和渔澫岛3个岸段分别进行详细分析表明:防城江口沿岸以基岩岸线为主,海岸线在1973—2010年间变迁程度很小,仅在防城江河口沿岸向海扩张了约74.58 hm²;暗埠口江沿岸以淤泥岸线为主,近40 a间该岸段岸线不断向海推进,许多原本曲折多变的鹿角湾被逐渐填充;渔澫岛海岸线变迁最为剧烈,近40 a来陆域面积共增加了2 027.41 hm²,岸线长度缩短了2.46 km,遥感影像监测显示1990年时渔澫岛已经陆连,同时从渔澫岛的分形维数计算结果可以看出其海岸线日趋平直。  相似文献   

辽宁省海岸线近百年变迁特征分析     

陈曦  倪金  邴智武  赵旭 《地质与资源》2011,20(5):354-357

基于RS和GIS技术,利用多期遥感影像数据,结合地形图、历史海图,定量分析了辽宁省海岸线近百年变迁特征.结果表明,自1909年以来,辽宁省海岸线的构型和长度发生了很大变化,陆地面积也相应增加.在全省范围内,从时序变化看,1909~1932年期间,海岸线变化最大,陆地面积增加最多,年增加速率也较快,1950~1980年期间,海岸线变化速率最小.从空间上看,各地段的岸线变化极不均衡,主要变化区域是辽东湾北部淤泥质海岸,大连附近的基岩岸段变化最小,最大的变化区段是双台子河段、复州湾和大洋河附近.  相似文献   

Hurricane damage along natural and hardened estuarine shorelines: Using homeowner experiences to promote nature-based coastal protection     

《Marine Policy》2017

Growing coastal populations, rising sea levels, and likely increases in the frequency of major storm events will intensify coastal vulnerability in coming decades. Decisions regarding how and when to fortify estuarine shorelines against coastal hazards, such as erosion, flooding, and attendant property damages, rest largely in the hands of waterfront-property owners. Traditionally, hard engineered structures (e.g. bulkheads, revetments, seawalls) have been used to protect coastal properties, based on the assumption that these structures are durable and effective at preventing erosion. This study evaluates the validity of these assumptions by merging results from 689 surveys of waterfront-property owners in NC with empirical shoreline damage data collected along estuarine shorelines after Hurricanes Irene (2011) and Arthur (2014). The data show: 1) homeowners perceive bulkheads to be the most durable and effective at preventing erosion, but also the most costly; 2) compared to residents with revetments and natural shorelines, property owners with bulkheads reported double the price to repair hurricane damage to their property and four times the cost for annual shoreline maintenance; 3) 93% of evident post-hurricane shoreline damage was attributable to bulkheads or bulkhead hybrids and a higher proportion of surveyed homeowners with bulkheads reported having property damage from hurricanes; and, 4) shoreline hardening increased by 3.5% from 2011 to 2016 along 39 km of the Outer Banks. These results suggest that bulkheads are not meeting waterfront property-owner expectations despite continued use, and that nature-based coastal protection schemes may be able to more effectively align with homeowner needs.  相似文献   

实行海岸线分类保护 维护海岸带生态功能——《海岸线保护与利用管理办法》解读          下载免费PDF全文

潘新春  杨亮 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(6):3-6

《海岸线保护与利用管理办法》是我国专门针对海岸线管理的首部规范性文件,弥补了我国海岸线管理的空缺。文章简要介绍《海岸线保护与利用管理办法》出台的背景;详细分析海岸线保护与利用管理的重要举措:(1)提出自然岸线保有率控制制度,(2)提出海岸线分类保护制度,(3)实施自然岸线保护与利用的年度计划管理,(4)编制全国和省级海岸线整治修复五年规划和年度计划以及建立全国海岸线整治修复项目库;阐述《海岸线保护与利用管理办法》对海岸线保护的作用与意义;最后对全面加强海岸线保护与利用管理提出建立健全各项配套制度、不断完善技术标准体系以及开展海岸线保护管理专项行动的建议。  相似文献